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Letter from the Editors
Dear Subscribers of the Resistance Pest Management Newsletter,
Michigan State University currently maintains an electronic arthropod pesticide resistance database via the Internet (www.cips.msu.edu/resistance). Documented resistance developed by arthropod species currently stands at 542 species (Figure 1 and Table1) distributed in 168 countries around the world. The combination of species and compounds yields 2,658 resistance cases. However, the crossed combination of species, compounds and region totals 5774 cases of resistance in the world. The current database is based upon an examination of more than 2658 peer-reviewed journal articles. While this is a significant contribution, continuing support for locating and reviewing resistance information is necessary to report the current status of arthropod resistance. Despite the review of the recent information, there is a gap in time between the completion of monitoring studies and when the report is published. Often more than a year passes before the results of monitoring are published, and this delay dramatically reduces the effectiveness of resistance management. There is a critical need for a real-time reporting method for resistance cases. In addition to rapid reporting, baseline susceptibility data in transgenic crops and novel compounds is necessary to detect and compare the evolution of resistance over time. Finally, USEPA has just identified the Resistant Arthropod Database as one of the resources for official resistance criteria from Emergency State Exemptions (section 18).
We are requesting your resistance expertise and benevolent assistance in providing timely editorial reviews of our web-based electronic survey system that will rapidly update cases of resistance (and susceptibility to novel compounds and transgenic organisms) in the resistance database. We have designed the review process to be efficient and user-friendly to minimize your time commitment and maximize the application of your expertise. The submitted resistance cases will be labeled with an accession number (like the gene bank) and will be used as a citation as authors. National and international pest resistance specialists will submit their resistance cases and a panel of experts will review a limited number of cases annually. The electronic resistance survey system will be fully operational by the first week of the new year. If you agree to help serve as subject editor, please return your response and comments to us by the end of November. At the end of December you will receive an e-mail containing the website address to submit resistance cases. At the end of this month you will receive an email with the website address to complete the electronic survey system for the review and inclusion in the database. As a resistance expert note below the entry that describes the elements that will be required to submit a survey.
The goal of the Michigan State University Arthropod Resistance Database is to provide a seamless electronic means of collecting resistance information in a timely fashion. The searchable database will be made available to the entire scientific community through the Internet. Those of us at MSU involved with the resistance database look forward to your response to our request for your help. A number of noted experts in the resistance field have already agreed to serve as editors. Therefore, we are confident that we will be able to utilize your editorial assistance perhaps 4-6 times annually. If you agree to serve in this capacity, we will include your name on the editorial assistants' page at the beginning of the web site. Thank you for considering this novel editorial request
Sincerely,
Mark E. Whalon, Ph.D.
Professor
Robert Hollingworth,
Ph.D.
Professor
David Mota-Sanchez,
Ph.D.
Visiting Research Associate
B-11 Center for Integrated Plant Systems
and Department of Entomology
Michigan State University
East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Data entry for the electronic resistance survey
The electronic survey system is going to be a novel feature of the database. Data gained from resistance specialists as expert opinion will be entered. We intend to incorporate as much data as possible, so as to maximize the utility for referencing emergent cases of resistance, as well as establish baseline effects of new chemistries.
The proposed elements in the survey are:
1) Arthropod classification (class, order, family, species, author, common name (ESA), other local common names).
2) Pesticide (chemical and mode of action).
3) Geographic location (country, state or province, site, coordinates (GPS) latitude, longitude, scale).
4) Collection size (agricultural crop, storage, urban, lab).
5) Stage collected (egg, larva, nymph, pupa, adult).
6) Sex: (male, female, both).
7) Bioassay (topical, residual, discriminating dose, stage, egg, larva, nymph, pupa, adult).
8) Type of resistance (field detection or resistance developed in the lab, cross-resistance).
9) Median lethal values (LD50, or LC50, KD50, LT50) and fiducial limits, and slopes plus SE, ratios of resistance (RR).
10) Impact of the resistance (a) non or low, b) medium, c) high, d) severe, and e) NA
a) No change in the efficacy of the compound
to control the pest in the field/urban setting.
b) Some reduction in the efficacy of the compound in the field.
c) Significant reduction in the efficacy of the compound in the field.
d) No control; pesticide is no longer effective.
e) Lab-selected or not applicable.
11) Reference (laboratory data, field test, peer review paper, not peer review paper, author, year, journal, volume, pages).
12) Editorial Review.
13) Contact information of the specialist (name, institution, address, e-mail, phone, fax).
Supported By:
Editors:
Mark
E. Whalon
Robert M. Hollingworth
Area Editors:
Plant Pathology
Margaret Tuttle McGrath
Herbicide
Jonathan Gressel
Maintained
by:
Theresa A. Baker